What does the Trademark Act regulate?

The Trademark Act primarily regulates the registration and protection of trademarks in the United States, encompassing various aspects of trademark law. Among these, the cancellation and revival of trademark registrations are essential components. This includes the guidelines and procedures that allow a registered trademark to be challenged or removed from the registry, as well as the processes available for restoring a trademark that might have been canceled due to non-use or other reasons.

While other aspects, such as filing fees, the approval process for applications, and penalties for infringement, are related to trademark law, they are not the central focus of the Trademark Act itself. Filing fees are administrative and set by the USPTO, the approval process is a procedural guideline followed by the USPTO when examining applications, and penalties for infringement are covered under different legal frameworks concerning civil liability. Therefore, the correct answer highlights a specific regulatory function of the Trademark Act regarding the lifecycle of trademark registrations, showcasing how it governs not just the acquisition but also the ongoing validity of trademark rights.